Why I Think They Should Legalize Pot :: essays research papers

Why I Think They Should Legalize PotBy Hagbard Celine     There has recently been haemorrhoid of contreversy over whether they shouldlegalize marijuana, or not. I think they should, and there is lots of importantevidence and reasons to support this. If drugs were legalized, this countrywould be a much nicer orchestrate to inhabit and for this reason and others, thegovernment should stop cracking down on harmless pot users. Here are thereasons why weed should be legalized in the United States     First, our prisons are so full of drug users interchangeable harmless pot smokersand such that we do not have any place to beat real criminals. A friend of mybrothers was killed by a drunk driver about three years ago when he went off tocollege. The guy who did it got participation service time, and a year without hisliscense. This is not justice, and changes need to be made. We cant throwevery little pot head in jail just because they like grass. After all, its notlike its cocaine or something, which should still be illegal.     Second, marijuana is not rase as bad as some of the poppycock thats legal.You are more in control of your senses than when trashed, and not nearly asviolent. Nobody has ever died directly from getting stoned. Smoking a joint isnot as likely to cause cancer as a cigarette, and weed isnt addictive. In fact,there are very little bad sides to smoking marijuana. It doesnt even burn yourthroat as much when you smoke it in a bong as do cigarettes.     Thirdly, if the price of pot went down quite a bit, then there would beno crime because of it. Pot would be very good for our economy, and pot farmerswould make lots of money. Its easy to grow, hence the byname "weed." Andthe price would drop so much that a dime bag would be a penny bag, and a 100-

Melancholic Hamlet Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

Melancholic juncture Hamlet is a melancholic young humanness who does not value human life however, he will do anything it takes to accomplish his main goal revenge on Claudius for the death of his draw. In his sevener soliloquies we learn that Hamlet has become melancholic, violent, and suicidal. There are several incidences where these emotions are expressed. His melancholic attitude is very apparent in the second scene of motion I, when he suggests that his mother, in mourning his fathers death, is simply acting the part of a grief stricken widow, while he is a truly heart scurvy son. Another example from his first soliloquy of his melancholic state occurs when he discovers the rapid marriage of his mother and his uncle, where he finds himself both sad and mad at the fact that his mother could move on so quickly. Hamlets violent attitude can be blamed on the fact that his father was murdered and he wants revenge. An example of his violent attitude is in his sixth soliloquy where he sees the king praying in the church. Hamlet feels as though he should just kill him in that same instance, but then decides not to. Another instance of his violent behavior is when he sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths and feels no remorse in doing so. Hamlets suicidal state can be accounted for because he is a confused young man. Throughout the play his father had been murdered, his mother virtually instantly re-married, he himself had gone mad, and thus he is confused because he has so many negative feelings towards himself and the easiest way out is suicide. Another example occurs in his forth soliloquy when he reasons whether suicide would be the better and quicker solution. All of Hamlets emotions cause him to have a clo... ... not get off suicide because he realizes that it would be best to accomplish his goal and kill the king so he could avenge his fathers death. Hamlet is a melancholic, violent, and suicidal character, as a result of the events that have occurred in his life. Such events as the murder of his father, the quick marriage of his mother, and the ghosts insistence on revenge caused Hamlet to have these emotions. The murder of his father caused Hamlets melancholic and violent state. The quick marriage caused more violence and confusion in his life. The ghosts insistence on revenge caused more violent behavior. As a result of all the events that occurred Hamlet became extremely suicidal because he was confused with how he should solve his problem. Everyday people are faced with similar situations and it helps us to relate to the same pain that Hamlet felt.

Great Expectations Essay -- Great Expectations Essays

In Charles Dickens fresh, Great Expectations, the main character named strike suffers through a conflict of confusing good and bad people. He repeatedly disregards the people that love and care for him and instead chooses to care for people who do not care for him. When making these choices, film senses that he is making the wrong decisions and therefore confuses good and bad and also confuses himself. After Pip first meets Estella, he begins to dislike everything he has ever known. He is uncomfortable feeling common in front of Estella and takes out his frustration on Joe, the one who brought him up to be common. I determined to ask Joe why he had ever taught me to call those picture-cards, Jacks, which ought to be called knaves. I wished Joe had been rather more genteelly brought up, and then I should pick up been so also (65). Here, Pip begins to look down on Joe level(p) though Joe has only done the best that he could. Still, Joe continues to be kind to Pip even when Pip ma kes mistakes. He is not the only one that Pip hurts though. doll is another person Pip disrespects. At first Pip is too blinded by his love for Estella to notice that Biddy truly cares for him, and by the time he realizes it, it is too late. Pip confides all his secrets in Biddy and even tells her how unhappy he is with his common lifestyle. Biddy, said I, after binding her to secrecy, I want to be a gentleman (127). Biddy tries to rationalize Pips thoughts so that he will see what is truly important, but he just cannot see past his desire for Estella. In this way, Pip is already ignoring Biddy and her great advice. When Pip receives his fortune from his secret benefactor, his disregard for the two people that love him the most becomes much worse. Before hi... ... of why his common life and cosmos with Biddy is much better than the alternative, Estella. However, after all those reasons come to him, the remembrances of Satis House and Estella rush back to him and he is thrown into a conflict between the two. The switch part of Pips conflict comes from the fact that even Estella warns him of her cruelty. She tells him how she has no heart to love and will never care for him (229). Still, it is not until the end of the novel that Pip realizes all of his mistakes and his conflict is somewhat resolved. All in all, Pip messed up throughout the novel. He chose to ignore those that loved him and were good to him, viewing them as bad memories of his past, and instead sought after a heartless girl who could never love him. These inner and outer conflicts that Pip experiences from his decisions shape Charles Dickens spotless novel.

Integration and Animal Farm by Orwell :: Free Essay Writer

Integration and Animal Farm by OrwellIntegration of Education in the United StatesThroughout history, knowledge is recognized as one of the key components of any civilized club. It is a natural instinct for man to learn, and feel the need to pass on that knowledge to their young and to every those who come behind them. People have a passion for education, and will fight for the opportunity to gain the valuable knowledge that education provides. The importance of education in a society is illustrated in two aspects. The first being the actual events in American history regarding the desegregation of schools, and the second being the follow through of the animals in George Orwells Animal Farm upon receiving their liberation on Manor Farm. In recent times we have witnessed a struggle in American society for the opportunity of minorities to realize the education that their white counterparts received. It began with slavery, when blacks were prohibited from obtaining even th e basic skills to read and write. When blacks were finally allowed this liberty, we began our own makeshift schools, and were content with this opportunity. As time progressed, and more than formal schools were established, minorities realized that they were non receiving the same quality education as those of the majority. This sparked a legal battle that lasted over fifty years. The first landmark was the typeface of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. It established the doctrine of separate but capable. This concept stated that separate public facilities of equal quality do not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. This amendment says that no state may abridge the privileges of any citizen, nor may any state deprive any citizen of life, liberty, or keeping without due process of the law. In 1954, fifty-eight years later, the Case of brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka finally settled the debate of whether or not blacks and white s can receive an education integrated with or separate from each other. This time the Supreme Court unanimously ruled to overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. In his opinion, the nous Justice wrote, We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. The Brown case signaled the end of segregation of public places mandated by law.

SUMMERTIME AND SPRING RAIN Essay example -- Essays Papers

SUMMERTIME AND SPRING RAINUpon first sight, it appears that John Sloans Spring Rain and Edward Hoppers Summertime but common characteristic is that they ar both oil paintings on canvas. Spring Rain, from the school of Impressionistic art, was painted in 1912. Summertime, which possesses a simplified, schematic style, was created over 30 years later, in 1943. Therefore, there are extreme differences in the two artists technique and style. However, despite these differences, the two painters works embody the same theme They are both scenes of urban realism characterized by isolation and loneliness. John Sloans painting depicts a dismal view of municipal life. The paintings gloom is achieved most effectively through Sloans use of color. He uses deep shades of purple with the contrasting color green in the background. This color device provides an eerie fog throughout the painting. The womans clothing also accentuates the dark tone of Spring Rain. She is dressed entirely in black. This signifies that her personality is shadowy and perhaps conservative. However, it is interesting that the woman is wearing red stockings. The fact that Sloan chose such a bold color suggests that he wished to show a slightly hardy side of the womans personality. Hopper, on the other hand, uses a much lighter color scheme. However, the lightness does not diminish the paintings affliction mood. Light gray, seen in the buildings face and the sidewalk...

SUMMERTIME AND SPRING RAIN Essay example -- Essays Papers

SUMMERTIME AND SPRING RAINUpon first sight, it appears that John Sloans Spring pelting and Edward Hoppers Summertime only common characteristic is that they are both oil paintings on canvas. Spring Rain, from the school of Impressionistic art, was painted in 1912. Summertime, which possesses a simplified, schematic style, was created over thirty years later, in 1943. Therefore, there are extreme differences in the two artists technique and style. However, despite these differences, the two painters flora embody the same theme They are both scenes of urban realism characterized by isolation and loneliness. John Sloans painting depicts a dismal get word of municipal life. The paintings gloominess is achieved most effectively through Sloans use of air. He uses deep shades of purple with the contrasting color green in the background. This color scheme provides an eerie fog throughout the painting. The womans clothing also accentuates the dark tone of Spring Rain. She is togg ed up entirely in black. This signifies that her personality is somber and perhaps conservative. However, it is interesting that the woman is wearing red stockings. The fact that Sloan chose such a bold color suggests that he wished to show a slightly daring side of the womans personality. Hopper, on the other hand, uses a much lighter color scheme. However, the lightness does not diminish the paintings melancholy mood. Light gray, seen in the buildings face and the sidewalk...

Ict In Schools A Means For Transforming Teaching Education Essay

The application of Information and Communications Technology ( ICT ) in schools is perceived as a theatrical for transforming schooling and acquisition procedure, and has therefore been met with important enthusiasm. The underdeveloped universe besides perceives ICT as a tool that provide advance socio-economic, political, and sustainable development and as portion of the nucleus of instruction, aboard reading, composing and numeracy. This perceptual experience is emphasized in schools in Ghana. Students and students bottom make for their prep on the cyberspace, beca procedure such serve and installations exist on the cyberspace. The cyberspace can besides ease high quality instruction in the classroom every bit good as enrich the learning touchments of instructors.Harmonizing to Griffiths ( 1999 ) , in most underdeveloped states, though tuition design has been introduced, it is non to the full incorpo stationd. In Ghana, witting attempts argon being made by authorities to distri unlesse the usage of information engineering in all sectors. As a consequence, the authorities of Ghana has passed a policy ( ICT for Accelerated victimization ) to defend the class in advancing information and communications engineering in Ghana. In the ICT for Accelerated Development Policy, it stated that policy attempts shall be say at utilizing ICTs to ease system of E-learning and E-education every bit good as life-long acquisition within the population at big .1.2 Statement of the ProblemIn order to accomplish the aims of the new educational reform ( 2007 ) and ICT4AD policy of the state, coachs and bookmans should be encouraged to develop involvement in the usage of ICT Tools such as Web Based attainment ( WBL ) Tools to heighten instruction and acquisition of the class. This is premier exampled by the panache coachs and pupils of Konongo-Odumase Senior High School abandon the usage of WBL Tools. The coachs and pupils are supposed to take reward of WBL Tools t o heighten instruction and larning yet as it is now, they do nt. It is as a consequence of this barter that, the re depend worker seeks to utilize the WBL tools to better instruction and acquisition.1.3 place of the StudyThe chief intent of this field of study is to better instruction and acquisition of ICT in Konongo-Odumase Senior High School. This intent is intended to be achieved by look intoing into the non use of WBL Tools. The information gathered will assist impart out intercessions that would better instruction and acquisition of ICT through the usage of WBL.Specifically, this survey is aimed atUse abstract methods to heighten pupils understanding during ICT lessons.Use immediate feedback to pupils to actuate them to analyze the topic.Monitoring pupil s national presentation through WBL Tools.Keeping the involvement of two(prenominal) coachs and pupils in the instruction and larning procedure by utilizing an easy look of accessing information.1.4 Research Questio nsHow will you utilize WBL to assist actuate pupils to go active in the survey of ICT?What method of learning will outdo aid to better instruction and acquisition?To what extent would the given of immediate feedback to pupils actuate them to analyze ICT?Is it utile for instructors to utilize WBL Tools to learn?How will the pupils develop involvement in the class?1.5 Significance of the StudyThe result of this survey would convey to bare the importance of WBL to schools and other affected establishments in general. It will assist make a more efficient mechanization for the modern-day coach to student instruction and acquisition procedure. It is hoped that this survey will convey to bare the demand for WBL Tools and sharing of resources with the schools with connectivity.1.6 Restriction of the StudyIn malice of all the attempts clothe into the survey by the research worker, the research was saddled with the following jobs, which were possible turnaround that influenced the concludin g consequence.Not all the questionnaires administered were responded and returned.Time restraints in footings of limited periods to subject the long essay and other immaterial factors facilitated the choosing of Konongo-Odumase Senior High School.Some respondent intentionally or out ignorance gave inaccurate solvents.Some respondents were hard to be interviewed due to their heavy agendas therefore the figure interviewed was smaller than anticipated.1.7 Boundary line of the StudyAll pupils in all collateral schools in Ghana offer ICT as a topic. However, this survey is narrowed down in range to fiscal and groom restraints. It accordingly confined itself to merely first twelvemonth pupils and a few coachs.Chapter TwoLiterature ReviewDefinition of Web-Based DirectionKhan ( 1997 ) defines Web-Based Instruction ( WBI ) as a hypermedia-based instructional plan which utilizes the properties and resources of the humankind Wide Web to make a meaningful acquisition environment where a cquisition is fostered and supported. Relan and Gillami ( 1997a ) define WBI as the application of a repertory of cognitively oriented instructional schemes within a constructivist and collaborative acquisition environment, using the properties and resources of the World Wide Web. Web-Based Instruction, besides called Web-Based Training, is defined by Clark ( 1996 ) as Individualized direction delivered everywhere public or hugger-mugger deliberation machine electronic networks and displayed by a Web browser. WBT is non downloaded CBT, but instead on-demand preparation stored in a waiter and accessed across a web. Web-based preparation can be updated really quickly, and entree to developing controlled by the preparation supplier. Though the above definitions are non in discriminable, there is a common subject, which is that WBI takes advantage of the lucre and World Wide Web to present information.Importance of Web-Based DirectionWBI, which is an emerge field in instruction , is however, a portion of the rapid development that is the Internet. Reasons for the growing of WBI take on promotes growing of distance instruction economically ( dependable and cheap beginning ) as compared to computing machine based preparation, unrecorded broadcasts, picture tapes, and so on, ( Relan and Gillani, 1997b and Santi, 1997 ) , enables scholars who prefer or are inevitable to larn outside traditionalistic schoolrooms to go to categories at their places or offices, ( Bannan and Milheim, 1997 ) , and provides bringing medium, content supplier, and capable affair in one bundle, un analogous other mediums, such as computing machine based preparation, that require a separate bringing mechanism ( McManus, 1996 ) .Nichols ( 1995 ) predicts that The possible benefit from explicating rating methodological analysiss for the Web for instructional stuffs depends on whether or non the Web will go a lasting medium or a passing craze? In fact, the Web will probably shortly g o the most popular medium for the bringing of distance instruction showcase stuffs. The development of information engineering has easy changed the manner people interact with computing machines. This alteration has besides reached the learning procedure distance acquisition, where pupil and instructor are connected by engineering alternatively of a schoolroom, is going a feasible option to traditional instruction methods, and is poised for major growing over the following several old ages. However, understanding how to utilize the World Wide Web ( WWW ) to back up preparation and acquisition activities presents a significant challenge for the interior decorators and judges of this emerging engineering. Particularly they have to understand how communicating and interaction, two cardinal characteristics of the acquisition procedure, are changed by the computing machine engineering. Furthermore, they have to research the possibilities of successfully educational activity via webs wh ile turn outing the acquisition and cost effectivity of these advanced systems. Get downing from the theoretical background presented in Chapter 2 and 3, we present a model for thedevelopment of web-based acquisition environments. These tools can be considered a peculiar signifier of interactive multimedia system computer-stored information, which is connected and retrieved via links. An interesting development of interactive multimedia analyzed by the text are shared interactive multimedias, new Internet tools in which different drug users, who are at the uniform time shoping the same web site, can pass on with each other.The usage of computing machine engineerings to heighten larning began in late 60s with the attempts of innovators such as Atkinson and Suppes 1, 2 . Since that ramble the presence of computing machine engineering in schools has increased dramatically, and anticipations are that this tendency will go on to speed up. In peculiar, the visual opinion of Interne t-based information and communicating engineerings is altering how preparation is being conducted in m both colleges, universities and private companies. As noted by Federico 3 we are in the midst of a paradigm displacement in instruction and preparation from schoolroom centric to web centric ( p.653 ) .On one side the development of information engineering has easy changed the manner people interact with computing machines. Technological progresss have bit by bit shifted the focal point off from computing machines as such, and toward what people really do with them. The most apparent mark of this alteration has been the creative activity of wholly new interactive communicating environments like Computer Mediated Communication and Computer Supported Collaborative Work made possible by the increasing power and flexibleness of today s information engineering 4 .In fact non merely does the usage of the World Wide Web non vouch effectual larning 6 . Inappropriate utilizations o f engineering may impede acquisition. For illustration, it is good known that pupils can blow a batch of clip surfing the Internet.The first studies of Web-based Learning appear in the archean 1990s edifice on 30 old ages of computer-assisted direction. Advocates claimed computer-assisted direction is superior to text-based, talk, and traditional educational methods for grounds that include control by the scholar over content, clip, and topographic point of acquisition sweetening of acquisition, logical thinking, and efficiency and cost nest eggs. Many surveies that reported advantages contained methodological defects and reported advantages unrelated to computer-specific characteristics.Web-based acquisition ( WBL ) represents a farther development of computer-assisted direction. Technical advantages of WBL include cosmopolitan handiness, easiness in updating content, and hyperlink maps that permit cross-referencing to other resources. These proficient progresss, specifically hy perlink and seeking capablenesss, fit the constructivist larning theory, where scholars search out and make their ain cognition bases. However, as was apparent with computer-assisted direction, possible advantages may non interpret into important betterments in educational results.Web-based larning environments can function as motivational, instructional, mold, feedback, and estimate tools. These environments besides can impact the cognitive and societal behaviours of pupils ( Mayer 2001 Wallace 2001 ) .What is web-based acquisition?Web-based acquisition encompasses all educational intercessions that make usage of the cyberspace ( or a local intranet ) . There are presently three wide categorizations or constellations within WBL tutorials, on-line treatment congregations, and practical schoolrooms. The differentiations between these constellations are frequently blurred, and in fact a given WBL intercession might utilize a combination of two or three, but the deductions for learn ing warrant a conceptual, albeit at times arbitrary, separation. On-line tutorials are similar to face-to-face talks. They by and large consist of information structured by the instructor in a manner that will ( hopefully ) facilitate acquisition. Tutorials are frequently enhanced by characteristics such as multimedia ( sound, images, films, and lifes ) , links to online resources ( full-text diary articles or related web sites ) and other countries within the class, and self-assessment tools. Effective online tutorials frequently besides make usage of schoolroom instances. Online treatment is similar to the face-to-face little concourse session. As with any little group, there may be an component of didactic instruction from the teacher ( eg a brief tutorial ) but the bosom of the instruction lies in group treatment. Teachers take on the function of facilitators specifying the range of the treatment, monitoring and management the treatment as needed, and supplying or assisting p upils to happen extra resources. Communication among group members can be asynchronous ( hold between directing a message and having the response ) or synchronal ( unrecorded ) . Virtual schoolrooms are computer-based simulations of schoolroom brushs. It is besides deserving observing what WBL is non. The cyberspace has found many maps in ICT instruction in which the primary purpose is non an educational intercession designed for web-based bringing. These include archives of face-to-face talks ( eg Power- Point slides or videotaped talks ) and class course of study, on-line disposal of trials and class ratings, and administrative communications. While surely utile, these maps do non represent WBL.The Role of WBLTsWeb-based acquisition tools ( WBLTs ) , besides referred to as larning objects in the literature, are definedin this survey as synergistic web-based tools that support larning by heightening, amplifying,and steering the cognitive procedures of scholars ( Agostinho, Bennet t, Lockyer, & A Harper, 2004 Butson, 2003 McGreal, 2004 Parrish, 2004 Wiley, et Al. 2004 ) . WBLTs offer two notablecharacteristics that can cut down the impact of possible obstructions instructors face when utilizing engineering.First, typical WBLTs are designed to abide on specific constructs, doing them easy to larn, easyto utilize, and more attractive to busy pedagogues who have small clip to larn more complex, advancedpackage bundles ( Gadanidis, Gadanidis, & A Schindler, 2003 ) . Ease of usage besides makesWBLTs more toothsome to instructors who are discerning about utilizing engineering ( Kay, Knaack,& A Muirhead, in imperativeness ) .Second, a broad context of WBLTs exist including drill-and-practice appraisal tools ( Adams, Lubega,Walmsley, & A Williams, 2004 ) or tutorials ( Nurmi & A Jaakkola, 2006 ) , video instance surveies orsupports ( Kenny, Andrews, Vignola, Schilz, & A Covert, 1999 MacDonald et al. , 2005 ) , generalweb-based multimedia resources ( Van Z ele, Vandaele, Botteldooren, & A Lenaerts, 2003 ) , and selfcontainedsynergistic tools in a specific content country ( Bradley & A Boyle, 2004 Cochrane, 2005 ) .Furthermore, in contrast to other larning engineerings burdened with execution challengesand costs, WBLTs are readily accessible over the Internet and instructors need non worry about inordinatecosts or non holding the latest form ( Wiley, 2000 ) . It is speculated that the wide choiceof readily accessible WBLTs will do it easier for instructors to incorporate WBLTs into a schoolroomenvironment.In drumhead, barriers to utilizing engineering reported by instructors such as clip, limited accomplishment, fright ofengineering, and limited entree to engineering are partly addressed by easy-to-use WBLTs thatare readily accessible in a broad assortment of pedagogical formats.WBLT Research in Middle and inessential School ClassroomsExisting WBLT or larning object research is limited to the sphere of higher instruction. Out ofth e 41 empirical surveies reviewed for this paper, 29 ( 70 % ) focussed on WBLT usage in higher instruction,whereas merely eight ( 20 % ) examined WBLT usage in center or secondary school schoolrooms( light touch & A Saye, 2001 Ilomaki, Lakkala, & A Paavola, 2006 Kay & A Knaack, 2007a Kong & A Kwok,2005 Liu & A Bera, 2005 Lopez-Morteo & A Lopez, 2007 McCormick & A Li, 2006 Nurmi & A Jaakkola,2006 ) .Four surveies examined in-between school pupils usage of WBLTs. Kong & A Kwok ( 2005 ) looked atnine-year-old pupils independent usage of WBLTs for 15-20 hours while severe to larnabout fractions. Students who used WBLTs significantly outperformed pupils who did non utilizeWBLTs. Ilomaki et Al. ( 2006 ) examined 11 and 12 twelvemonth old pupils utilizing WBLTs to analyze eatingwonts. Teachers and pupils did non measure the effectivity of the five hebdomad, WBLT unit,but the pedagogical schemes used by the teachers were described in item. Liu & A Bera ( 2005 )examined i n-between school pupils usage forms with regard to a scope of WBLTs. Eighty-twoper centum of the pupils generated successful solutions utilizing WBLTs. Finally, Nurmi & A Jaakkola( 2006 ) reported that synergistic, simulation-based WBLTs produced significantly better consequencesthan drill-and pattern WBLTs.Five surveies looked at the usage of WBLTs in the secondary school schoolroom. Brush & A Saye( 2001 ) reported that pupils tended to look at superficial content in a WBLT when left to theirain devices and that more active counsel and construction was needed when utilizing informationbased WBLTs. Ilomaki et Al. ( 2006 ) explored the pedagogical affordances of WBLTs in threecountries nutrition, sense of the encephalon, and multiple intelligences. Kay & A Knaack ( 2007b ) used acomprehensive appraisal tool to measure the usage of WBLTs and found that overall utility,clear instructions, unionised layout, and good theme/motivation were peculiarly of import topupils. Lopez-Morteo & A Lopez ( 2007 ) reported that pupils perceived synergistic, recreationbased,collaborative WBLTs positively.Finally, McCormick & A Li ( 2006 ) completed an extended survey analyzing the attitudes of 770secondary schools instructors from six different European states toward utilizing WBLTs from theCELEBRATE aggregation. Overall, 70 % of the instructors thought WBLTs were utile. Just overhalf the instructors felt WBLTs were good designed, although this was clearly dependent on the typeof WBLT chosen. Over 50 % of instructors experient Internet jobs while utilizing WBLTs. Inadd-on, approximately 60 % of all teachers thought WBLTs improved their instruction and felt thatpupils were more engaged.Overall, WBLT-use research is positive, albeit roughly ad hoc and inconsistent in informations aggregationschemes. Two surveies gathered user public presentation informations, ( Kong & A Kwok, 2005 Nurmi & A Jaakkola, 2006 ) , four surveies collected descriptive informations ( Brush & A S aye, 2001 Ilomaki et al. , 2006 Liu & A Bera, 2005 McCormick & A Li, 2006 ) , one survey implemented a formal study ( Kay & A Knaack, 2007a, 2007b ) , and one survey accumulated anecdotal studies ( Lopez-Morteo & A Lopez,2007 ) . With the exclusion of McCormick and Li s ( 2006 ) paper, all eight old surveies lookedat pupil perceptual experiences entirely teacher feelings of how good the WBLTs worked were nonexamined.Feedback in web-based acquisition applicationsTesting and appraisal are widely used in web-based acquisition applications, and e-learningSystems. Computer-based testing has a figure of advantages, viz. facilitation of informations analysiscoevals of speedy or sometimes heretofore immediate consequencesdecrease of clip for trials developmentaddition in user motive in the instance of frequent measuringpossibilities of proving at any clipentreaty to a great figure of users/respondents with a big assortment of penchants, features, instruction, ends, etc.By and large, there exist many types of jobs of proving and appraisal in web-based larning systems, including both more proficient 1s such as user individuality confirmation and security issues and more general facets such as personalisation and version of assessment procedure. miss of interaction between pupils and instructors is one of the chief jobs in web-based acquisition applications ( Mory, 2003 ) . During the acquisition procedure a pupil performs a figure of actions where feedback is important, for illustration in appraisals or in feedback chiefly consists of information about the trials consequences presented to a user.In web-based larning systems feedback presented by computing machine is normally aimed to replace feedback given to the pupil by the instructor and to better pupil public presentation ( Mory, 2003 ) . The chief function of feedback in web-based systems is to inform and to actuate the user to increase his or her attempt and attending.In web-based larning systems feedback p lays a important function in interaction. The feedback is particularly of import in proving and appraisal that is organised within the learning procedure. Harmonizing to Brusilovsky and Miller ( 1999 ) proving constituents are the best developed synergistic constituents in web-based instruction. However, we consider these constituents as being ill designed still. Most of the current testing constituents in e-learning and other web-based applications do non back up feedback version.They do non give information about the user s public presentation in the most suited clip and signifier for him or her.In traditional distance acquisition ( external, but non computer-based acquisition ) feedback has been examined from a figure of different positions ( Hyland, 2001 ) . The surveies have shown that pupils particularly wanted elaborate feedback and remarks.The feedback was expected to supply positive remarks on strengths, non obscure generalizations. It is recommended that unfavorable judgme nt in feedback be constructive and that pupils should hold a opportunity to react to remarks ( Hyland, 2001 ) .Harmonizing to Mory ( 2003 ) the feedback mechanisms that are used by pupils have changed with the progresss and growing of web-based larning systems. The usage of student-centred and constructivist attack in larning system supposes the usage of learner-to-learner interaction and provides meaningful equal and teacher feedback ( Dabbagh,2002 ) .Harmonizing to Bischoff ( 2000 ) pupils need regular feedback in order to cognize how their public presentation was evaluated, how they could better it, and how their classs are calculated. The effectual elements of on-line learning include frequent and consistent online feedback, diplomatic online feedback, and appraising online feedback.Based on qualities of on-line feedback ( multidimensional, nonevaluative, supportive, pupil controlled, seasonably, and specific ) outlined by Schwartz and White ( 2000 ) and Mory ( 2003 ) has sugges ted that feedback in the web-based acquisition system should hold the undermentioned qualitiesprompt, seasonably, and thorough online feedbackongoing formative feedback about on-line group treatmentsongoing summational feedback about classsconstructive, supportive, and substantial online feedbackspecific, nonsubjective, and single(a) online feedbackconsistent online feedback.In web-based acquisition applications the chief maps of the testing constituent are to measure the users, to give the user information about his or her public presentation, to actuate the user, and to concentrate the user s attending on farther interaction with the system. Feedback differs from rating, where the chief end is to rate and enter the consequence of the testing for the intent of measuring the user. There are several chief jobs with feedback in web-based applications. First of wholly, there is the job of feedback representation. It is widely argued in favor of expressed presentation of feedback, but there are excessively few thoughts about what should be included into feedback and what sort of construction it should hold. Naturally, the feedback should match to the undertakings and to the single features of the user.The effectivity of different types of feedback in web-based acquisition system has been by experimentation studied by Mandernach ( 2005 ) , who evaluated the educational impact of showing assorted degrees of computer-based, on-line feedback ( no-feedback, knowledge-of-response, knowledge-of-correct-response, topic-contingent, and response contingent ) . The consequences of this survey have shown that the type of computer-based feedback did non hold any influence on pupil acquisition, but at the same clip the pupils reported distinguishable penchants for knowledge-of-response and response-contingent computer-based feedback. This allowed to reason that the pupils prefer feedback that is direct and clearly addresses the rightness of their response. The other job of fee dback is the clip of its presentation. The user could be provided either with immediate or with delayed feedback. Harmonizing to Mathan ( 2003 ) the job of feedback timing is of important importance for tutoring systems. He argued about the tradeoff between the benefits of immediate and delayed feedback while immediate feedback is more effectual, delayed feedback supports better shipping and keeping. The advantages and disadvantages of immediate and delayed feedback can alter with different larning ends and scenes. The of import inquiry of feedback is that it can pull attending off from the undertakings increasing the clip required to put to death them. Harmonizing to Oulasvirta and Saariluoma ( 2004 ) disrupting messages such as feedback in human-computer interaction influence the extent and type of mistakes in retrieving. We argue that the jobs of feedback discussed could be partly solved by version of feedback to the undertakings and to the features of an single user. Feedback ve rsion in web based applications can supply a user with feedback that is the most appropriate for his or her personal features, existent temper, behavior, and hear ( Choe et al. , 2004 ) .

Midterm 2 Essays Essay

1) Ben-Hur is the last great film urinate in the tradition of the halcyon age until 1977. Describe the characteristics of the classical film set as exemplified in this film. Include a description of signifi thunder mugt divisions and scenes. (10 points) William Wyler directed a 1958 American large historical drama film, Ben-Hur. This film is well known to be one of the greatest film scores reflecting in the classic traditions. The film portrays lives of two manpower (i.e., Jesus Christ and Judah Beh-Hur), in which the plot illustrates number of parallels and reversals. Rozsa utilizes modal harmonies and parallel chords to deploy the spirit of the Roman era. throughout the film, he embraces traditional love themes for the lead separate love relationships. Rozsa incorporates overall stylistic harmony by applying musical ideas that ar associated with Roman, Hebrew, and early Christian. Furthermore, it can be seen that Rozsa chose many of the melodies to be modal. He in any case use parallel harmonies to maintain the same pitch correlation from chord to chord and limits any possible sense of harmonic progression. For example, the rootage triad chords of the score move in parallel motion where each pitch moves down a entire step and returns back to the original pitch.Throughout the Redemption theme, the overture plays a melody that implies the Phrygian mode. In the Christ theme and several of the Roman marches, the Western triadic chords can be heard. The score excessively displays a multifactorial system of leitmotifs. The Christ theme plays an organ with a wavering sound where high strings with harmonics are very much added. These combinations create a halo make around the melody. In addition, the number three is an important symbol for Christianity due to the Trinity where it consists of three-note chords. Moreover, it can be seen through the Redemption theme that the first three pitches played are exactly the same as that of the Christ theme. It is interesting to observe the Friendship theme between Judah Ben-Hur and Messala contained with warmth while he also uses disturbing elements to foreshadow the Hate theme displayed by triton interval. During Ben-Hurs desert march, chromatic melody strengthenedly corre late(a)s to the Hate theme. These musical melodies support for spectacular moods, settings, characters, and actions, which can be seenthroughout the film. Rozsa also uses significant orchestral medley to establish his principal themes during the overture and the opening credits. Most recognized and impressive is the effective bass sound playing during the credits. In regards to the climax and resolution, Rozsa composes two musical climaxes (i.e., one for Christ and one for Ben-Hur).The Ben-Hurs desert march consisted with chromaticism and dissonance underscoring the irregular filled with bitterness. When Miriam and Tirzah gets cured after the storm, The Christ theme comes in with full orchestration. Throughout this film, we can see that Rozsa extensively uses music and exploits full range of orchestral colors as seen through general characteristics of the classical film score established during the mid-late 1930s. 2) Psycho helps usher in the novel American Cinema era. apply Psycho as a model, discuss the major changes to film music in the 1960s. (10 points) There were a significant transformation during the 1960s, where decline of Hollywood traditions and the boost of a new personal manner initiated. Europeans influenced the way into the new era for the filmmakers in a global-scale. Innovative plots with uncertain beginnings and endings, unclear moral implication, and unusual plot lines started to emerge. We can clearly see that Alfred Hitchcock chose to shoot the film Psycho in drear and white to signify the cold and empty atmospheric moods as well as to lower the production costs, which can be linked with the European imports.Bernard Herrmann supports Hitchcocks visual and narrative e ffects where music is written for a string orchestra, where expressage orchestral colors are prominent rather than a full symphonic ensemble. He correlated the usage of single tone color with the black and white cinematography. Herrmann utilized a unified score that is constantly dissonant. Although there are variation of mood from loving sound to the terror of the shower, all the cues are spy to be used with minor seconds and major sevenths. He also uses distinct sound using the percussive-sounding strings through deploying microphone close to the instrumental role to demonstrate the sound to be harsher, which can be seen as some of the new approaches that Herrmann accomplished through this film as the start of a bran-new American Era. In addition, new approach in film scoring can be seen through the lack of contrast in a cue. When a cue starts, it stays consistent and repeats the mood with no variation where there are absence of shifts within a cue. Moreover, descending and asc ending chordsof the renewal theme have an aloof characteristic with no display of emotions.This in return provides an overall disquieting mood to the story. During the Normans story, Hermann employs ostinato to maintain accent and discomforting sound of melody. 3) Discuss the growth of the various types of common music in films from the late 1940s through the early 1970s. Please mention specific films, styles, and composers when you can. (20 points) Throughout late 1940s through the early 1970s, the growth of various types of popular music and trends are historically observed. Starting from postwar trends dating back from the late 1940s where World War II delivered significant changes in filmmaking, which also had a huge impact on film music.During this time, pessimism and cynicism were two primary themes in films. It is clearly evident that there were three significant developments where music composed for Film Noir, the appearance of several outstanding scores reflecting the Ame rican nationalist musical style, and the resurgence of European centers. Film noir gave numerous unique characteristics consisted of one prevailing mood (primarily dark and pessimistic), minimal usage of musical cues, orchestration for small ensembles, predominantly low-pitched instruments (e.g., bass clarinet), focus on the lower registers of the strings, non-traditional orchestral sound, angular melodies, harsh dissonant harmonies, and the usage of jazz.Miklos Rozsa, one of Hollywoods finest composers, earned much respect for film noir scores including his work through Double Indemnity and The Killers. In the late 1940s, many of the excellent film scores reflected the musical style of American nationalism. Hugo Friedhofer created one of the most memorable score The Best Years of Our Lives, where he integrated many of the features of Coplands American nationalist style. As for Aaron Coplan, he composed his last two scores for films The Red Pony and The Heiress. In the 1950s, the American film industry suffered from decreasing revenues and increasing costs due to major competition from television industry. This in return made American filmmakers to respond with outputs of excellent films, which also had a major influence on the development in film music. The expanding role of popular music began in the early 1950s. Newer forms of jazz (bebop) followed by its characteristics of hard accents, rapid notes, and increase volume and intensity. Other trends in popular music in the 1950s are country and western, and rock and roll.ElmerBerstein employs intense sounds of jazz along with traditional symphonic scoring through one of his first film scores, The Man with the Golden Arm. Dimitri Tiomkin, one of Hollywoods veteran composers, brought a key innovation to film music when he incorporated a country and western song to High Noon. He also includes Leimotifs for the theme song, colorful orchestrations, and orchestra underscoring tension and action. A film, The Black board Jungle, introduced the rock music for the teenagers to rapidly exact this exciting new kind of music in mid-late 1950s. The birth of the blockbuster occurred in 1956. In films Around the World in 80 days and The tie on the River Kwai were both seen with the application of popular melodies, that is, walz tune and a British march. Adolph Deutsch employs traditional symphonic scoring in the film Something like it Hot. He liberally integrates popular music to underscore the fun where it includes musical, scurrying saxophone line, and use of the tango. In addition, a film Touch of Evil Beginning in the late 1950s is described as the last great film noir.Henry Mancini includes the mixture of Mexican and American popular musical styles. Variety of early(a) popular musical styles are heard throughout the score, which includes country and western music, rock music, and intense jazz. Variety of newfangled styles in the late 1950s are also seen through films such as Big Country, Vert igo, and North by Northwest. For example, Jerome Morosss score for Big Country displays an influential new western sound, where he made concrete western sound. New Wave were greatly influential on American films in the early 1960s. Through music in the New Era, music in from the films in 1960s tends to create general moods rather than to illustrate specific or varying emotions. While filmmakers were faced with economic challenges, increased reliance on a smaller collaborative performance rather than the standard orchestra provided financial savings. It was also clearly observed that both popular and modern musical styles were well suited. These musical styles are demonstrated through three films in the early 1960s, which are The Hustler, The Pawnbroker, and The Manchurian Candidate.Through the film, The Hustler, musical cues are often scored for jazz ensembles. However, in The Pawnbroker, Quincy Jones gets incorporates a modern style as required. One of the most distinct instruments employed throughout this film was harpsichord, which is a keyboard instrument used to renovate earlier form ofmusic for a more authentic sound. Furthermore, David Amram, who composed a film score for The Manchurian Candidate, uses various modern styles (e.g., American nationalist style for scenes of the soldiers returning to the US, and avant-garde styles to represent disoriented nightmares that some of the soldiers had. As observed in To Kill a Mockingbird, Elmer Bernsteins musical score indicates small number of instruments used throughout the film along with general modern style. By 1967, sexuality and graphic violence were prevalent. In the film average and Clyde composed by Charles Strouse, most feature instruments associated with country music.From 1968 through early 1970s, American society drew much concerns and frustrations due to many shocking events (e.g., Martin Luther magnate assassination, Robert Kennedys death from shooting, public view on Vietnam War, and war prote sts). As a result, filmmakers continued to use traditional musical scoring to maintain strong sense of reality. In Planet of the Apes, Jerry Goldsmiths score consists of avant-garde style. John Barry mixed variety of popular styles with a few passages of modern electronic music through the film Midnight Cowboy and Easy Rider. It also included rock style to relate the prominence of drugs in the plot. Finally, during the films of the early 1970s where tensions were observed throughout Americas society, films often went with modern musical styles to underscore the hindrance of America due to widespread criminal activities and corrupted government officials.

Learning Activaties Essay

When perishing with infantren especially children who you support in class you will be given the opportunity to input your induce ideas into the teachers planning, as you pay off your own areas of expertise or if you are a matchless-to-one you will have your own knowledge of the child you work with. When you work with children with special needs they will need more structure in the activities that they do every day and you will be aware of their strengths and weaknesses.The child that I work with in school has a range of difficulties from social communication difficulties to a speech and language problem. Everyday is different because he is so interchangeable, one day he will sit and work with me and the next he will not want anything to do with me, sometimes this makes it hard as most of the work we do is structured around work given by various professionals who come into school to support him (speech and language, education psychologist, communication and interaction aggroup and learning support). Because I work with him every day I can see what works with him and what doesnt and beneficial about daily I have to give feedback to her so that we can both plan the lessons for him for the next day. Here are a few examples of when I have offered constructive suggestions in back up planned learning activities-I was sat with the teacher one morning before the children came into school because that is when we do our planning for the child I support or we modify anything that he has to be back up with in class. I noticed that the teacher had planned an arts and craft lesson that involved the use of create from raw material paper, the child that I support does not like the touch or feel of tissue paper (I had done an activity with him the other week which had resulted in him refusing to anything else with the tissue paper has he did not like the feel he got so upset and I had to put the tissue paper away). I mentioned this to the teacher because I wanted my c hild to be involved with the lesson but I did not what them to disrupt the rest of the class. So we decided that we would alter the materials we were using not just for the child that I support but for the whole class so that he could feel included in the whole lesson.Another example was when I was working with a group of children doing a numeracy lesson. The lesson was about rounding numbers up to the nearest ten, I had a group of six children one of which as special needs first the teacher explained to them in class what they were expected to and told them how to do it, I then took the six children out side of the class and supported them with the lesson. The children found the task very difficult and could not grasp the idea of rounding off numbers to the nearest ten. When I took them back into the class live I talked to the teacher and explained that most of them found the task hard and suggested that we modify the task by letting them use a number line to process then see how to round the numbers off to the nearest ten. She agreed that i was right and said that it was a good idea for tomorrows numeracy lesson. By doing this I gave constructive suggestions to the teacher and supported planned learning activities.

The Riz-Carlton Applicaiton Summary

1999 act analysis THE RITZ-CARLTON HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. Copyright 2000 by THE RITZ-CARLTON HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. in all Rights mute THE RITZ-CARLTON HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. at a Glance Products and Services The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. develops and operates luxury hotels for others. The hotels atomic number 18 designed and identified to appeal to and suit the requirements of its principal clients who consist of (1) Meeting Event thinkners and (2) large-mindedlance berth of merchandise and Leisure Travelers. President & coo Horst Schulze Headquarters 3414 P each(prenominal)tree Road, N. E. Suite 300 Atlanta, Georgia 30326 trading operations One Central Reservations Office Seven International Sales Offices (ISOs) 24 Hotels and Resorts in North America Two Hotels in Europe Eight Hotels and Resorts in Asia Two Hotels in Australia 30 Hotels under nurture guest free-base Over 800,000 Customers World-wide 1999 tax $1. 5 Billion. A 40% increase over the prev ious five years. Employees 17,000 World-wide, known as The Ladies and Gentlemen of The Ritz-Carlton History Established in 1983, the spring owner, W. B. Johnson Properties, acquired the exclusive North American rights to the Ritz-Carlton trademark, the foremost ame in luxury hotels. This status was largely due to the legendary Caesar Ritz who veritable and operated two of the worlds trump out hotels in Paris and London. The hotels achieved such fame in the merchandiseplace that they attained what is often referred to as The Ritz Mystique. In 1995, The Ritz-Carlton was jointly acquired by Marriott International Inc. to achieve their strategy of entranceway the luxury hotel segment of the industry the bump offover/merger occurred in 1997. Copyright 2000 by THE RITZ-CARLTON HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. every(prenominal) Rights Reserved The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 999 industriousness compact Overview A History of Managing for slaying Excellence in the Hotel Industry Most hotels remained profitable despite these fictional character deficiencies because competitors had correspondent problems. Previously, in tiny hotels and inns, the master of ceremonies directed activities in the organization in person, including managing for quality. As hotels grew in size, the volume of activity outgrew the capacity of the innkeeper to manage by personal direction it became necessary to delegate. Ritz-Carlton Returns to the Fundamentals Upper concern partnership Then came 1983 and Horst Schulze.More epitome of Devil at My HeelsThe pace quickened with a lengthy dishion of new Ritz-Carlton Hotels under development. Faced with this challenge, Horst Schulze and his team decided to personally take charge of managing for quality because they cognise managing for quality could not be delegated Apprentices were trained in the craft and qualified by examination to become craftsmen. The innkeeper the master then delegated much of the managing for quality to t he craftsmen, subject to inspection and audit by the master. Many of our standards go back 100 years to this era of Caesar Ritz and the legendary Chef August Escoffier.The upper management participation of Horst Schulze and his team ranged across a broad spectrum, but most significant activities consisted of As we entered the 20th century, the size of a hotel and its organization sharply increased. The resulting large hotels required functional subdivisions. The innkeeper now a general manager delegated to each functional department head the business for quality, for performing the function correctly. Defining the traits of all company products which be set out in The credo. For a full explanation of The Credo, see attribute 1 on knave 2. With the emergence and growth of technology, hotel roducts and soures became increasingly complex. To deal with these new complexities the hotel industry adopted the principle of separating cooking from doing. Planning of the various dep artments was delegated to division and department heads (e. g. Food & Beverage managers, Rooms Executives, Purchasing theater directors, etc. ). This left the argumentation of executing the plans to the first-line supervisors and the blendforce. The separation of planning from execution had foursome major consequences. Translating The Credo into canonical standards to clarify the quality responsibilities for our Ladies and Gentlemen the ost important of which include (1) anticipating the wishes and needs of the guests (2) resolving their problems and (3) genuinely caring conduct towards guests and each other. 1. A factory opinion emerged in which slew were assigned one task rather than a single craftsman performing the entire sequence of tasks. In this factory approach, if task 11 was causing a problem for task 24, it wasnt identified until it reached the customer, and even then the problem alike(p)ly continued. 2. A dramatic rise in productivity. 3. The segregation of divi sions and departments. 4. A further distancing of upper managers from the job of anaging for quality. Aggressively instilling a passion for excellence. Personally teaching the Ladies and Gentlemen of a new Ritz-Carlton on The Credo and Basic Standards, unremarkably referred to as The sumptuous Standards, which be shown on page 2 as clement body 1. Another Major Change, A Comprehensive Structure By 1989 Horst Schulze realized that a more comprehensive structure was necessary for the Ritz-Carlton to optimize its execution of instrument. He selected the Malcolm Baldrige National case Award Criteria. Through the use of this assessment tool and the resulting feedback reports,The Ritz-Carlton demonstrable a Roadmap to business excellence (see pages 3-4) which has attained significantly higher effect levels. A major ingredient of this approach was involving people in the planning of the reckon that affects them. The progressive removal of upper management from managing for qu ality produced negative effects on quality. Typically, murder either fell short of customer need or the cost to meet the need became excessive. In addition, the hotels accumulated huge chronic costs as a result of poor quality. 1 THREE locomote OF SERVICE 1 A warm and sincere greeting. engross the guest name, if nd when possible. 2 Anticipation and compliance with guest needs. We Are At The Ritz-Carlton, our Ladies and Gentlemen argon the most important resource in our service commitment to our guests. Ladies and By applying the principles of trust, honesty, respect, integrity and commitment, we nurture and maximize talent to the benefit of each exclusive and the company. Gentlemen suffice Ladies and The Ritz-Carlton fosters a work environs where diversity is valued, quality of life is enhanced, individualistist aspirations argon fulfilled, and The Ritz-Carlton mystique is strengthened. Gentlemen THE RITZ-CARLTON CREDOThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel is a place where the genuine care and comfort of our guests is our highest mission. We pledge to put forward the finest personal service and facilities for our guests who will always enjoy a warm, relaxed yet refined ambience. The Ritz-Carlton experience enlivens the senses, instills rise up-being, and fulfills even the unexpressed wishes and needs of our guests. 2000, The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. All Rights Reserved 2 The Ritz-Carlton Basics 1. The Credo is the principal belief of our Company. It must be known, owned and energized by all. 2. Our Motto is We are Ladies andGentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen. As service professionals, we treat our guests and each other with respect and dignity. 3. The Three whole steps of Service are the foundation of Ritz-Carlton hospitality. These steps must be used in every interaction to tick off gladness, retention and loyalty. 4. The Employee Promise is the basis for our Ritz-Carlton work environment. It will be honored by all employees. 5. All employees will successfully complete annual readying certification for their position. 6. Company Objectives are authorised to all employees. It is everyones responsibility to support them. 7.To execute pride and joy in the workplace, all employees have the right to be involved in the planning of the work that affects them. 8. Each employee will continuously make out defects (M. R. B. I. V. ) passim the Hotel. 9. It is the responsibility of each employee to create a work environment of teamwork and lateral service so that the needs of our guests and each other are met. 10. Each employee is empowered. For example, when a guest has a problem or needs something special, you should severance away from your regular duties to address and resolve the issue. 11. Uncompromising levels of cleanliness are the responsibility of every employee. 2. To provide the finest personal service for our guests, each employee is responsible for identifying and recording individual guest preferences. 13. Never lose a guest. Instant guest pacif ication is the responsibility of each employee. Whoever receives a complaint will own it, resolve it to the guests satisfaction and record it. 14. Smile We are on stage. Always maintain positive eye contact. Use the proper vocabulary with our guests and each other. (Use words like Good Morning, Certainly, Ill be happy to and My pleasure. ) 15. Be an ambassador of your Hotel in a n d o u t s i d e o f t h e wo r k p l a c e .Always deliver positively. Communicate any concerns to the appropriate person. 16. Escort guests rather than pointing out directions to another area of the Hotel. 17. Use Ritz-Carlton telephone etiquette. Answer within trio rings with a smile. Use the guests name when possible. When necessary, ask the caller May I place you on hold? Do not screen calls. discriminate call transfers whenever possible. Adhere to voice mail standards. 18. Take pride in and care of your pers o n a l a p p e a r a n c e . E v e r yo n e i s res ponsible for conveying a professional image by adhering to RitzCarlton clothing and grooming standards. 19.Think safety first. Each employee is responsible for creating a safe, secure and accident free environment for all guests and each other. Be aware of all fire and safety emergency procedures and report any security risks immediately. 20. P r o t e c t i n g t h e a s s e t s o f a R i t z Carlton hotel is the responsibility of every employee. Conserve energy, properly maintain our Hotels and protect the environment. 2000, The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. All Rights Reserved common fig tree 1 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 diligence Summary 3 Fond farewell. Give them a warm good-bye and use their names, if and when possible.THE EMPLOYEE PROMISE The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary The Ritz-Carlton Chronology of transaction Excellence Genesis 1890s Caesar Ritz defines Standards for a Luxury Hotel Apprentice Programs, Inspect ion/Audit by the Master 1900 General Manager fantasy commissioning of prime(a) to Functional Managers Managers Plan / Workers Do 1980 1983 Extensive Participation of Horst Schulze in the attention of Quality The Credo Basic Standards for The Ladies and Gentlemen A Passion for Excellence 1988 1989 MBNQA Audits and Feedback Business Excellence Roadmap (Figure 3) Involving People in the Planning f the Work that Affects Them 1999 100% Employee self-respect & Joy Zero Customer Difficulties 100% Customer Loyalty Figure 2 2003 3 The Ritz-Carlton Business Excellence Roadmap Deployment Do Results Check correctment Act A Passion for Excellence aged(a) leadership Start-Up new hotels act Evaluations Development / readiness Plans Distribution of The Pyramid Leadership Center workaday Reinforcement of The Gold Standards 1. Leadership Approach Plan The Seven Pyramid Decisions MBNQA developmental logical argument Assignments Basic Empowerment Process Divide/Subdivide Objectives Selec t Process Owners Actual versus Planned performance comparedQuarterly by Upper Managers at the integrated and hotel level Act on the Differences Evaluate / Improve Planning Process Develop Processes Provide Necessary Resources Daily operations review by the workforce 4 3. Customer and Market Focus Market Research that concentrates on the quality of the hotel facility and operations 6Ps Concept Operation of the correct Database Daily Hotel Measurement SQI RevPAR by Market Segment Evaluate / Improve Annually Standard Performance Measurement Monthly Measurement carry on Bookings Customer joy RevPAR P&L 4. Information and psychoanalysis Selecting Performance Measurements for Upper Managers Daily Operations soul Process Owners select Performance Measurements for Upper Managers Daily Operations Comparative Benchmarking Share/Replicate Best Practice Performance, On-Going Figure 3 Statistically Trained Employees, Consulting Specialists Continuous Improvement The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Fact-based strategical Objectives Fact-based place Process Identification 2. strategical Planning The Ritz-Carlton Business Excellence Roadmap MBNQA 5. Human Resources Development and Management Approach Plan Results Check Improvement Act Employee Education, Training andDevelopment Q. S. P. Site Visits by senior H. R. Leaders Day 21/365 Training Certification Review Performance Appraisal Evaluations Analysis of Employee Surveys Analysis of Employee Surveys 6. Process Management Manage Key Production and Support Processes In corporal changing Customer requirements P. Q. I. 5 S. Q. I. Major changes that require project management The GreenBook Process Audits Incremental day-by-day Improvements Actual versus Planned Performance compared quarterly by Senior Leaders at the corporate and hotel level Continuously and Forever Improve Process Owners modify Processes for each new hotel 7. BusinessResults Strategic Objectives define long- term targets Lead People Manage Processes Tactical Processes set annual targets Standard Performance Measures Daily Operations Review by the workforce Figure 3 (continued) The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Jobs are designed so our people Know what to do Know how well they are doing Can regulate the process or their own personal conduct Deployment Do The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Leadership as The Gold Standards, Figure 1, page 2. These standards consist of (1) The Credo (2) The Basics (3) Three Steps ofService (4) Motto and most recently, (5) The Employee Promise. These standards have had a long life with only The Basics changing with business conditions. Our Senior Leaders continue the strong excellencedriven leadership that began in 1983 and resulted in us becoming a recipient of the 1992 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. In the years following the award they actually increased their involvement in some (prenominal) the improvement and operation of our structured approach to business excellence. A unofficial of this business excellence roadmap is shown in Figure 3, page 4. clearively, these standards have an incredible empowering effect on TheRitz-Carlton Ladies and Gentlemen to think and act independently with innovation for both the benefit of the customer and our organization. Approach Plan Since The Credo stresses providing the f inest and anticipating the unfulf illed wishes of our guests, The Ritz-Carlton Ladies and Gentlemen continually learn and innovate. The Three Steps of Service, combined with our basic empowerment process shown below in Figure 1. 2 promotes innovative, quick personal service. Our Senior Leaders have a passion for excellence, largely because of (1) the performance expectations of Horst Schulze (2) our Gold Standards and (3) the Pride and Joy of chieving excellence. The septet specific decisions made by our Senior Leaders, collectively, to set directio n for business excellence are shown below 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Deployment DO The specific actions taken by our Senior Leaders to deploy our leadership approach consist of three major processes 10 category Vision 5 Year Mission 3 Year Objectives 1 Year Tactics Strategy Methods Foundation 1. Since 1984, all members of Senior Leadership have personally ensured that each new hotels goods and serve are characteristic of The Ritz-Carlton on opening day. Since six to seven hotels open each year, our leaders pend at least six to seven weeks working with our Ladies and Gentlemen (using a crew of hands-on behavior modeling and reinforcement) during the seven day countdown to opening. This includes the President and COO who personally demonstrates the guest/employee interface image and facilitates the first vision differentiatement The process for providing our Senior Leaders with the necessary data and analysis to be these key decisions is explained fully in the Strategic Planning secti on. It is worth mentioning that our Senior Leaders personally established our foundation, which is now referred toThe Basic Empowerment Process Three Steps of Service 1 Warm Welcome 2 Anticipation and Compliance with invitee Needs Employee Senses Guest Wish or Need Employee Breaks Away from Routine Duties Employee Applies Immediate Positive Action Determine Guest Reaction If Satisfied If disgruntled 3 Fond Farewell Document the Incident Employee Returns to Routine Duties Figure 1. 2 6 Guest Memory System Escalate the Complaint The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Results Check session for each newly formed department. During these formative sessions which all employees must attend, thePresident and COO personally interacts with every new employee both one after another and in a group setting. His in-depth knowledge of hotel operations and enthusiasm for The Gold Standards are an inspiration for all concerned. Leadership effectiveness is evaluated (1) O n key questions of our semi-annual employee satisfaction results (these questions reveal if the respective leader has gained the full support of the Ladies and Gentlemen regarding our Gold Standards). (2) Through audits on public responsibility (i. e. Life Safety Systems, Security Systems, Food provision and Alcoholic Beverage Service, Environmental Stewardship). . The results of the seven specific decisions from the annual strategic planning process are arranged in a Pyramid Concept and distributed throughout the organization. The 2000 Pyramid is shown in Figure 1. 3. Improvement Act Gaps in leadership effectiveness are ad3. The Gold Standards are reinforced daily garmented with development/ instruct plans. For in a variety of forums which include (1) widespread deficiencies, the corporate human lectures at new employee orientation (2) resource function develops/improves courses, developmental training (3) daily line-up processes or facilities.As a result, we have 10 YEAR VISION meeting (4) administration of both posdeveloped a leadership center at Corporate To be The itive and negative reinforcement (5) Headquarters. In addition, we make exPremier Worldwide mission statements displayed (6) distensive use of developmental job assignProvider of Luxury tribution of Credo Cards (7) The ments. Credo as first topic of internal Travel and Hospitality Prodmeetings and (8) peer pressure. ucts and Services 5 YEAR MISSION Product and Profit Dominance OBJECTIVES T h e V i t a l Fe w O b j e c t i v e s TACTICS Key Production and Business ProcessesSTRATEGY C u s t o m e r a n d M a r k e t Fo c u s S t r a t e g y w i t h Action Plans METHOD TQM Application of Quality Sciences M a l c o l m B a l d r i g e N a t i o n a l Q u a l i t y Aw a r d C r i t e r i a T h e G r e e n B o o k 2 nd E d i t i o n FOUNDATION Va l u e s a n d P h i l o s o p h y T h e G o l d S t a n d a r d s Credo Motto Three Steps of Service Basics Employee Promise Copyright 2000 by TH E RITZ-CARLTON HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. All Rights Reserved Figure 1. 3 7 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Strategic Planning Planning ProcessAt The Ritz-Carlton, Strategic Development is the process that enables Senior Leaders to make specific decisions that set direction for Business Excellence. 1 Macro Environment Analysis Confirm/Modify Vision, Mission, Strategy, Methods, Foundation Approach Plan A comment of the three major components of our planning process, including the pre-work known as the Macro Environment Analysis, is show in Figure 2. 1. Macro-Environment Analysis This extensive analysis is done to actualise the current state (and expected future state) of the Macro Environment in which we operate our company.The key result of the analysis is a projection of the future state of The Ritz-Carlton relative to competitors and the expectations of hotel owners in primary performance areas. Subsequently, gaps are identified. 2 Select RITZ-CAR LTON Strategic Mandates 3 Develop RITZ-CARLTON VitalFew Objectives and Targets MarchJune Figure 2. 1 Step 1 March June Using the Macro Environment Analysis, Senior Leaders confirm the 10 Year Vision, 5 Year Mission, Strategy, Methods and Foundation or make changes. Step 2 March June Deployment Process 5 1 Reinforce Pyramid Concept/ Plans/Budget Develop Production Processes 6Using the Macro Environment Analysis, strategic mandates are identified along with gaps in performance. Step 3 March June The strategic mandates and the gaps identified in the Macro Environment Analysis are used to create the Vital-Few Objectives for the near three years. The Objectives are designed to address the projected gaps identified in the Macro Environment Analysis and to maintain or enlarge The Ritz-Carlton favour over competitors where these advantages exist. VitalFew Objectives are separated into multiple categories for two purposes (1) respond to the Strategic Mandates and (2) represent all who a re ffected by The Ritz-Carlton. The output of this step becomes our Pyramid (Figure 1. 3, page 7). Communicate Pyramid Concept to the Ladies and Gentlemen 2 Deploy Support Processes 7 Execute Plans 8 3 Develop Preliminary Plans / Budgets for L. L. C. and Hotels Daily Line-Up Reinforcement on-going throughout the year 9 Evaluate/Improve Planning Process 4 Finalize RITZ-CARLTON Pyramid Plan, Budgets for L. L. C. and Hotels Conduct Monthly Reviews of Plan at all levels. Collect information for the next cycle. OctoberFebruary JulySeptember Figure 2. 2 8 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 999 Application Summary Deployment DO Activities that have been agreed upon are then tied into our financial planning and budget process. The specific actions by Senior Leaders to deploy the Vital-Few Objectives are shown in Figure 2. 2. Steps 5 7 October February Step 5 occurs during our semi-annual General Managers meeting which sets in motion steps 6 and 7. Step 1 July September Key Product ion processes are identified by three criteria (1) work that ranks very important to customers (2) work that is rising in importance to customers and (3) work that is poor in comparison to competitors.These processes must then be developed and deployed. This is done by process owners at the corporate level. For a discussion of these processes and how they are developed see Section 6, Process Management. Step 8 On-Going throughout the Year Every day, in every work area, on every shift, a brief line-up meeting is held. During these formative sessions, the Pyramid Concept is deployed, The Gold Standards are reinforced and good ideas are shared. Step 9 Annually Step 2 July September Each year the Vice-President of Quality is responsible for evaluating and improving the Strategic Planning Process.Benchmarking other Baldrige recipients is used extensively for continuous improvement. Support processes are deployed to the support functions of the organization. These processes indirectly af fect our products and enable us to reach our Vital-Few Objectives. These processes are too developed/deployed by corporate process owners at the corporate office. Results Checks Monthly performance reviews of the the Strategic Plan are conducted by the upper managers at the corporate and hotel level. The framework of a typical review is shown in Figure 2. , which focuses on the pre-established performance indicators of the Vital-Few Objectives as well as key processes. This information allows us to intimately make improvements and benchmarking comparisons which are discussed in Category 4. Steps 3 4 July September To bring out into the open the resources required to reach our Vital-Few Objectives, we involve the Ladies and Gentlemen of The Ritz-Carlton. First, we communicate the measures and targets of our Vital-Few Objectives to lower levels of the organization. The lower levels then identify the deeds, that if done, will collectively meet the objectives.The lower levels also s ubmit the bill to perform these deeds. Focus Indicators Whats Reviewed Employee Pride & Joy Key Survey Questions Turnover Actual versus Plan / Trends Customer Loyalty Overall Customer Satisfaction Customer Difficulties Revpar / P&L Advance Bookings Market / Business Performance Actual versus Plan / Foremost Competitor, Trends Actual versus Plan / Industry Trends Key Processes Key Production and Actual versus Support Processes Plan / Trends Figure 2. 3 Process Owner Human Resource Director Operations Director Quality Director Marketing Director Finance Director Functional Leaders 9 The quarterly performance reviews are translated into opportunities for improvement and innovation. These decisions are determined by process owners with assistance from the special organization of Directors of Quality. widespread understanding and involvement of findings and actions are deployed to lower levels through (1) the traditional hierarchy (2) process owners and teams and (3) Commitm ent to Quality newsletters. Another form of improvement is the evaluation of the Strategic Planning Process. The Vice-President of Quality is responsible for developing, benchmarking and improving his process. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Customer and Market Focus A particularly noteworthy tool that we use is phratry (an automated memory system that links returning guests to their preferences). The practice of remembering regular guests creates lasting relationships, which is a major competitive advantage for us. The types of information stored in the CLASS database are given in Figure 3. 2 . At The Ritz-Carlton, customer and market focus concentrates on the information needed for hotel development and operation explained in Section 6, Process Management.Approach Plan In addition, we utilize other information technology (1) DFS (2) Product Quality Indicators (PQI) and (3) Service Quality Indicators (SQI), explained in the next Section, Informati on and Analysis. The many needs and sources of this information (i. e. market research) are summarized in Figure 3. 1. Needs and Sources of Market Research at The Ritz-Carlton Needs for Market / Customer Information Brought to our Attention Readily Available but Requires Analysis Determination of Market Segments Sales and Marketing function ranks potential and current customers by volume, geo interprety and profit Analysis of CLASS database Identifying Potential Customers Relative Priorities of Customers Automated Memory System that links returning guests to their preferences Widespread Customer Dissatisfaction Competitive Quality locating Opportunities for Improving RevPAR through Quality Alliances with Travel Partners (Airlines, Credit Card Companies, Convention Bureaus, etc. ) Same as above Focus Groups Customer Satisfaction results Use of Information Technology DFS Demand Forecast Individual Dissatisfaction of Customers Must be created by a Special Study Complaints, Cl aims, ClientAlerts, Feedback from the Salesforce, Summarized in the SQI/PQI Pareto analysis of the SQI and PQI Ratings from Customers, Star Report, Salesforce reports Summary of above analysis Summary of above Criteria, Rating and Awards from Travel Industry publications Pareto analysis to identify major causes of customer dissatisfaction Figure 3. 1 10 Interviews with customers inaugural customer and employee satisfaction data Special psychological studies to understand 1. What Customers mean, not what they say 2. How to appeal to the customer in the language they most understandThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Deployment DO to remember returning guests and generate essential preference and schedule information to all concerned. In this way, the Ladies and Gentlemen of The Ritz-Carlton and our suppliers understand what is new or different about(predicate) each individual customer or event. The specific actions taken by our Sales and Marke ting Leaders to deploy our Market Research conclusions consist of four major processes (1) The 6 Ps Concept (2) Operation of the CLASS database (3) Complaint Resolution Process and (4) Standard Performance Measurements.Standard Measurements The Six Ps Concept The major components of our Sales and Marketing Performance Management System are shown in Figure 3. 3. Since these measures both precede and lag the operation they are both forward-looking and reaction based. After we gain a full understanding of our market segments, customers and their relative priorities, we develop and distribute, internally, a 6Ps Concept. The concept consists of (1) conundrum or need of the Customer (2) Product (what is it) (3) Promises (what it can do for the customer) (4) Personal Advantage (what can the customer do because of it) 5) Positioning (the benefit of it versus the competition) and (6) Price/ rank (what customers must give up in time or money to get it). These concepts lay the groundwork for process design. Subject Advance Bookings The 6Ps concept typically creates a vision of wellbeing, which results from the purchase of Ritz-Carlton products genuine care, comfort and prestige. By disseminating this information into the marketplace, we reinforce an aura of competence. Service Quality Indicators (SQI) measure The Gold Standards tax income Per Available Room (RevPAR) Customer Satisfaction Determination The P&L StatementFigure 3. 3 Operation of the CLASS Database Precede / Lag Operations Precedes up to some(prenominal) years Lags by One Day Results Check A major challenge faced by The Ritz-Carlton is to remember each of its 800,000 plus customers. In response, a special organization exists in each of our hotels called Guest Recognition. This special function uses the CLASS database Lags by One Day Lags by 45 Days Lags by 40 Days The effectiveness of our Customer and Market Focus is evaluated through reviews of our standard performance measures daily, monthly and annual ly. Daily reviews at hotels consist of SQI and RevPAR y market segment and performance. Likes/Dislikes Previous Difficulties Family Interests Personal Interests Preferred Credit Cards Recency/ Frequency of Use By Hotel All Hotels Lifetime Usage Amount of purchase Monthly reviews at all levels consist of Advance Books, Customer Satisfaction, RevPAR by Market Segment and the P&L Statement. Knowledge of Individual Customers, Stored in CLASS Database Annual reviews at the corporate level are contained in our Strategic Planning Pre-Work, Macro Environment Analysis. Improvement Act The daily and monthly reviews identify performance gaps to be corrected.The extensive analysis of the Macro Environment Analysis drives confirmation or changes in marketing strategy, objectives and plans. Figure 3. 2 11 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Information and Analysis The PQI are our Product Quality Indicators, which consist of the 10 most serious defects that can occur in the development phase of a new Ritz-Carlton Hotel, listed in Figure 4. 4. Approach Plan Two basic types of measurements are used at The Ritz-Carlton (1) organizational measurements for upper managers at both the corporate and hotel levels and (2) operational (i. . process) measurements for planning, assessing and improving daily operations. A further distinction in our measurement is whether it provides information before, during or after operations (Figure 4. 14. 3). PQI Defects 1. Sub-Standard Management Contract 2. Missing / Wrong Concepts 3. recent Feasibility Study 4. Wrong / Late Schematic introduction 5. Detailed Design Changes 6. High-Risk Facility Suppliers 7. Late Construction Days 8. Missing / Inadequate Key Production and Support Processes 9. Inadequate Pre-Sales Results 10. Inadequate Caring Mindset of Employees Figure 4. 4Before Operations Measures Subject MacroEnvironment Analysis Unit of Measure Summaries of Performance, Money, Ratios, Indexes New Hot el Development Defect Points (i. e. PQI) Daily Variable Demand Production/Hours worked ratio Use Annual Input for Senior Leaders to reset organizational and operational measures Measures for Senior Leaders to plan, assess and improve each new hotel development Plan daily operations and pricing Since our customer requirements extend beyond the functional to the sensory (which are difficult to measure), we rely on The Gold Standards to measure quality during operations.Most of these measures are used by line level employees. We can do this effectively since the workforce is selected, trained, certified, reinforced and rewarded through our Gold Standards, This qualifies them to design the appropriate sensory measurements that allow them to assess their work and take appropriate actions. Figure 4. 1 The SQI are our Service Quality Indicators, which consist of the 10 most serious defects that can occur during the regular operation of a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The seriousness of each defect i s weighted by a point value listed in Figure 4. 5. During Operations Measures SubjectThe Gold Standards Unit of Measure Taste, Sight, Smell, Sound, conjure up Use Operational measures for the individual Employee to Plan, Assess and Improve their Work SQI Defects 1. Missing Guest Preferences 2. Unresolved Difficulties 3. Inadequate Guestroom Housekeeping 4. Abandoned Reservation Calls 5. Guestroom Changes 6. Inoperable Guestroom Equipment 7. Unready Guestroom 8. unfitting Hotel Appearance 9. Meeting Event Difficulties 10. Inadequate Food/Beverage 11. Missing/Damaged Guest Property / Accidents 12. Invoice Adjustment Figure 4. 5 Figure 4. 2 After Operations Measures Unit of Measure OrganizationalPerformance Indicators, Money, 15 Scale, Percentages Key Production Weighted Defect Points (SQI) and Support Production/Hours Processes worked ratio Revenue per Available Room Figure 4. 3 Subject Vital-Few Objectives Use Improve Organizational Performance Improve Daily Operations Points 10 50 1 5 5 5 10 5 5 1 50 3 The total number of occurrences is multiplied by the weight, totaled and dual-lane by the number of working years applicable to obtain an average daily point value. The average daily point value is disseminated to the workforce daily. Improve Pricing Policies 12 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L.C. 1999 Application Summary Comparative Benchmarking process owners to each metric associated with key production and support processes. There are three types of comparative degree data at The Ritz-Carlton (1) comparisons to industry and our foremost competitor (2) benchmarks outside our industry and (3) benchmarks inside our company. Since we began formal benchmarking in the 1980s, we have found this highly useful as it has pushed us over the years to even higher target levels of performance and roadmaps to get there. Figure 4. 6 details the sources of this data and the types of information that are analyzed.Since these process owners are heavily involved in desig ning the architecture of the data and information that they review, rarely do they see a fact or intention presented in a way they dont understand. Results Check Since we place such a strong emphasis on fact-based decision making, reliability of the data is critical. We rely on our highly trained Ladies and Gentlemen (including statistically trained at all levels) to insure data and information reliability. At the corporate level, we assign individual process owners to assure data can withstand scrutiny and provide background information.We also retain third-party specialists to provide independent reviews of information analysis and processes. Deployment DO The specific actions taken by Senior Leaders to deploy the information and analysis approach is based on the concept of individual process owners. Individual Process Owners Improvement Act Our Senior Leaders and Hotel Guidance Teams have the high level organizational performance data they need because we assign individual owner s to each metric associated with the Vital-Few Objectives. In addition, our Vice-President of Quality keeps our performance measurements current with business needs.Whenever our process owners and consulting specialists indicate a change of plan is needed, the plans are rewritten, rebudgeted and reapproved. Our Ladies and Gentlemen, on a daily basis, identify and implement improvements in performance measurement as expected in our culture and facilitated through the training and performance management programs adumbrate in Category 5. Our Ladies and Gentlemen have the operational performance data they need daily because we assign individual Sources of Comparative Data Internal Source external Information Source Each Hotels measurements in the areas RCHC of employee satisfaction, customerInformation, Analysis System satisfaction, RevPAR and operational performance are compared Information Ritz-Carlton Marketing and Finance RCHC functions compare us against our Information, Analysis System competitors in the area of market and business performance Process Champions Operations, Human Resources, Baldrige Award Marketing and Finance leaders drive Winners ruff practices and processes both up and down the organization Annually, the VP of Quality studies comparative data and best practices Regional VP Meeting These periodic meetings focus on review Kaznova of performance to plan ConsultantsWorld-class benchmarks New Hotel Start-Up When Ritz-Carlton managers are assigned as trainers in a new hotel, they learn and share best practices Travel Publications, AAA, Mobil Criteria to identify industry trends and performance Best Practice Sharing Any new idea implemented is shared Mayflower company-wide via E-mail. Results and Group Improvements are communicated in the daily Commitment to Quality newsletter Travel Industry Criteria and Publications Figure 4. 6 13 The VP of Human Resources compares us to Americas most-admired companies (i. e. Fortune 500 and Baldrige winners ) in the area of Employee SatisfactionThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Human Resource Approach Human Resource Focus Skilled and Empowered Work Force Operating with Pride and Joy Our human resource approach is summarized in Figure 5. 1, which is the well-established model that underpins and aligns our various human resource philosophies and programs. Ritz-Carlton Work Environment Approach Plan Ritz-Carlton Human Resources Fundamentals Our Senior Leaders decided to increase both the meaning and satisfaction our people derive from their work. This approach consists of three basic components (1) ourLadies and Gentlemen know what they are supposed to do (2) they know how well they are doing and (3) they have the authority to make changes in the process under their authority or their own personal conduct. Quality endurance Process Orientation Training Certification Line-up and daily training Communication Personal and professional development Work /life issue management Job Enlargement Career progression Performance measurement Legal compliance Employee Rights Issue Resolution Process Reward and Recognition Know What They are speculate To Do At Ritz-Carlton our Ladies and Gentlemen know hat they are supposed to (1) learn and use The Gold Standards (2) master the procedures of their job (i. e. Training Certification) and (3) generate ideas to improve products, services and processes. Know How Well They Are Doing Figure 5. 1 We keep our Ladies and Gentlemen informed on how well they are doing in many forms. They receive coaching from managers and peers on individual tasks throughout the day. Our education and training is designed to keep individuals up to date with business needs. The Corporate Director of Training and Development and the Hotel Directors of Training and Development have the responsibility to make ure that training stays current with business needs. To do this, they work with Human Resource and Quality E xecutives who input organization and job performance training requirements or revise existing ones. The flow of this process is shown in Figure 5. 2. Key developmental training needs are communicate through a core of courses that all employees receive. Daily, they receive information from the SQI report. Finally, they receive semi-annual performance appraisals on their general performance. The Authority to Make Changes The ability of our Ladies and Gentlemen to regulate ow work gets done is assured through Basic Standards set out in The Credo Card, People have the right to be involved in the planning of the work that affects them. All employees (regardless of their level in the company) receive the same mandatory two day orientation process, which includes classroom type training on The Gold Standards and The GreenBook (page 16). Deployment DO As shown in Figure 5. 2, we use input from employees and their supervisors in determining educational needs primarily via a review and analy sis of our performance appraisal documents.The Hotel Director of Training and Development and the Quality Trainers also receive and consider direct feedback from Ritz-Carlton personnel. When training is designed, it is piloted and approved in a fashion similar to the new product and service development process described in Category 3. Participants in the pilot provide direct, candid feedback to the designers and instructors. The specific actions taken to deploy our approach range across a broad spectrum, but most significant activities consist of (1) The Quality Selection process and (2) Employee Education, Training and Development.Our President and COO started as a waiters apprentice in Europe, and many of our executives started as front line personnel in Ritz-Carlton Hotels and were promoted as they rotated jobs. Therefore, training receives the highest attention in our company. 14 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Departmental Trainer Evaluate Stud ent Reaction/Needs Managers/Training Director Evaluate Performance appraisals/training results Vice-President, Quality Determine Organizational Performance Excellence Requirements Vice President, Human Resources Determine OrganizationalDevelopmental Training Requirements Corp Director of Training and Development The Ritz-Carlton Design of Courses Confirm/Modify existing processes/Facilities Develop/Improve Courses/Processes/Facilities Project Team Codeveloped with supplier of new equipment/ Technology Outsource Figure 5. 2 themes of each job. The graph also contains comparative data which consists of industry and Ritz-Carlton norms. Although job induction training is classroom delivered by the Director of Training and Development and the General Manager, most training delivery is on-the-job. This onsists of (1) daily line-up (2) self-study documents (3) developmental assignments and (4) training certification. Most training is evaluated through examinations, while other methods incl ude audits, performance reviews and appraisals. Day 21 21 days after orientation, each orientation class reunites for a day of evaluation and debriefing. A similar session occurs on or near day 365. virtually 80% of the training received by The Ritz-Carlton Ladies and Gentlemen is from in-house sources which allows us to have direct control over the method of training delivery and evaluation.

Assignment The Solution

In this function is the population at time O, P is the population subsequentlywards time t, and k is called the exponential growth rate. For this problem about the population of rats, represents the rats population at O, P is the rats population after time t 7 days and 14 for 2 weeks as seen in and and k is the rats exponential growth rate which is represented by the 13. 6% or the decimal O. 136. employ this equation we calculate that in 1 week the rats have grown from 100 rats to 259 rats and in 2 weeks the rats have grown from 100 rats to 671 rats. The sat serving of this problem asks us to find the doubling time of the population of the rats.The algebraic solution for this is represented by solving for T. The equation for this is and now I allow tell you what it substitutes. We substitute 200 for and the rest of the equation uses the natural logarithm to solve for doubling time of the rats population. Some of the topics in this course this problem relates to atomic number 18 natural logarithms, exponential functions, and graphing. These functions are applicable to the business, science, psychology and sociology fields. The Intersect method for this problem is used in the technology field. The answer from this problem evinces the population of rats leave behind double in 2 weeks.Method The method of problem solving that I use is, I find another problem like this one and liken the numbers up to the equation of the other problem, solve this problem parallel to the other problem following the guided steps, essentially multi-tasking, solving two problems at the same time. I call this method Killing two birds with one stone. Once I have worked both problems to their simplified form, I input this tuition into a calculator to arrive at y answer. The variety Of ways to solve this problem is through the use Of a calculator and the growth / decomposition reaction formula.My rationale for selecting the method adopted is because like to come up things simple . Precalculus is complicated as it is. It would be easy for me to overprint solving problems if I did not keep it simple. Also tend to not fully grasp the concepts unless solve the problems slowly and double checking my work. Explanation The easiest way can explain solving this problem to someone would be to patiently go through the problem step-by-step with them pausing along the ay making sure they are grasping the concepts of solving the problem.I would start by interpretation the word problem thoroughly, taking note of the numbers in the word problem. I would then use the exponential growth rate formula twin(a) the numbers up to the equation and begin to solve the problem using P. E. M. D. A. S. It is a staple to any math problem. Certain rules apply that cannot be ignored. willing conclude this problem with assisting them through the doubling formula of to find its solution.Conclusion The solution to the population of rats problem clearly states that using the exponential g rowth function, the rats population after one week is 259 rats and the population doubles after two weeks giving us 671 rats. If my calculations are correct the 5 for T in the solution represents a 5 year mark? This solution Was derived by dividing the natural logarithm of Len by the percentage of 0. 136 in decimal form. Given this information it is possible to state that the rats population will double in size from 671 in two weeks to another greater number in 5 years. I will firm agree that this solution is correct.